Types of Option - Calls and Puts
Call is to Buy - think of calling up a friend - a call is the option to buy, you think the market is going up
The real reason it is named a call is because when you buy a call you can "call" the underlying asset away from the person who sold it to you.
Put is to Sell - think of a "put down" - a put is the option to sell, you think the market is going down
The real reason it is named a put is because when you buy a put you can "put" the underlying asset to the person who sold it to you.
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A CALL is an option to BUY
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A PUT is an option to SELL
Therefore:
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A CALL option is the right, not the obligation to BUY an asset at a fixed price before a predetermined date
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A PUT option is the right, not the obligation to SELL an asset at a fixed price before a predetermined date